ANCIENT EDUCATION

In ancient, there was no formal education system. Fathers passed on the knowledge related to their occupation related to children. Later two system of education were formed Buddhist and Vedic. Several travellers from different parts of the world having diverse cultures and climates visited India. They came here to explore the rich Indian culture, religions, philosophies, art and beauty, etc. along with the educational practices prevalent in the country. The salient features of the ancient education system in India focused on the holistic development of both the inner and outer self of an individual. It emphasised on imparting rich human values such as honesty, self-discipline and reliance, humility among others.

The education system was primarily focused on the overall development of the student in terms of physical, mental, intellectual and moral aspects. The learning was particularly based on the tenets of the Vedas and Upanishads that teach students about performing their duties towards self, family and the society as a whole. The evolution of the ancient education system was derived from the Vedas, Upanishads, Brahmanas and Dharmasutras.

Some other sources of learning were the writings and the medical treatises and teachings of Sushruta and Charaka. There were several branches or disciplines such as Shastras, Kavyas, Itihas, Anviksiki, Mimamsa, Shilpashastra, Arthashatra, Varta and Dhanurvidya among others from which students were imparted learning. Besides, physical education was also considered an important co-curricular activity in the form of Krida or recreational games, Vyayamaprakara, Dhanurvidya and Yoga Sadhana These were some of the other disciplines that were taught with dedication and integrity.

Various kinds of debates among learners were also organised for assessment of their learning. Besides, students were made to live a disciplined life so that they could realise their own potential. Peer learning and teachings in groups were an integral part of education that promoted better learning among students. Different educational institutions imparted education formally or informally.

In India, the school has been considered a temple of knowledge. Gurukuls were the residential schools in and around the surroundings and the pathshalas, temples and schools were the premier institutes of knowledge. Students who wished to pursue higher education could go to universities. In ancient times, there were also women Vedic scholars. In addition to providing education through scripts, the focus was also laid on personality development and skill-based learning.